A strong LED book light delivers controlled, comfortable illumination without flooding the room, making it useful for bedtime readers, travelers, crafters, and anyone sharing a space. The right choice depends less on maximum brightness than on how the light fits your book, bed, routine, and charging habits. This roundup includes compact clip-on models, flexible neck designs, wide horizontal heads, and lights with unusually broad color and brightness adjustments.
Some prioritize warm or amber illumination for nighttime use, while others spread light across both pages or offer more precise control. Compare the beam shape, attachment style, power method, and controls before choosing.
Those details determine whether a light stays steady, reaches the page edges, and remains convenient after repeated use.
The best LED book light depends on your reading setup. For broad, even page coverage, the Gritin 19 LED, Glocusent 26 LED, or Gritin 32 LED models use horizontal, multi-row designs. For fine adjustment, VAVOFO offers nine color temperatures and nine brightness modes, while 86lux adds brightness memory.
Bedtime readers may prefer Energizer’s warm white LED or Vekkia’s amber light. For hands-free flexibility beyond books, Glocusent’s bendable neck and Mighty Bright’s flexible silicone neck suit crafts, music stands, desks, and travel.
LED Book Lights: A Comparative Overview
| Image | Product | Buy |
|---|---|---|
Best Pick 1 ![]() | Gritin 19 LED Rechargeable Book Light for Reading in Bed Best for: Most LEDs Brand: Gritin | Base Material: Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene | View on Amazon |
Best Pick 2 ![]() | Gritin 9 LED Rechargeable Book Light for Reading in Bed Best for: Fewer LEDs Brand: Gritin | Base Material: Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene | View on Amazon |
Best Pick 3 ![]() | Glocusent Reading Light,Bendable Neck Light,80-hr Rechargeable Book Light Best for: Longest battery life Brand: Glocusent | Base Material: Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene | View on Amazon |
Best Pick 4 ![]() | 86lux Book Light, Rechargeable Clip-On LED Reading Light for Bed Best for: Clip-on design Brand: 86lux | Base Material: Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene | View on Amazon |
Best Pick 5 ![]() | Glocusent 26 LED Reading Lights for Books in Bed, Ideal Gifts for Reader Best for: Many LEDs Brand: Glocusent | Base Material: Plastic | View on Amazon |
How We Compared These Products
We compared dimensions, capacity, materials, compatibility, included components, and care requirements across many Amazon listings. These details matter because the product must fit the available space, intended use, setup requirements, and maintenance routine. After examining the wider field, we selected 10 products from Gritin, Glocusent, 86lux, VAVOFO, Energizer, Vekkia, and Mighty Bright.
The shortlist includes products such as Gritin 19 LED Rechargeable Book Light for Reading in Bed, Glocusent Reading Light, and 86lux Book Light. Every recommendation is tied to information stated for that specific product; unclear or missing features were treated as unknown rather than filled with assumptions.
Detailed Reviews: Best Led Book Light
1. Gritin 19 LED Rechargeable Book Light for Reading in Bed

Best for: Wide-area reading light.
This Gritin book light features a horizontal head with 19 LED beads for a wider irradiation range. Its ABS material lampshade provides stable, sufficient lighting without disturbing others, ideal for focused reading sessions.
With three color modes (1800K amber, 3400K mixed, and 6000K white) and stepless dimming, you can customize your lighting. The 3.8-watt, 5-volt device offers flexibility for various environments. Its compact dimensions (4.37"D x 3.94"W x 1.5"H) and 71g weight make it portable.
Product Details
| Brand | Gritin |
|---|---|
| Base Material | Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene |
| Bulb Shape Size | B17 |
| Color | Black |
| Included Components | 1*Book Light, 1*User Manual,1*Charging Cable |
| Installation Type | Table mounting" or "Countertop |
| Dimensions | 4.37"D x 3.94"W x 1.5"H |
Additional Product Information
| Item Weight | 71 g |
|---|---|
| Manufacturer | Gritin |
| Manufacturer Warranty Description | 1 year. |
| Material | Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene |
| Model Number | G1326 |
| Recommended Uses | Reading |
| Shade Color | Black |
| Shade Material | Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene |
| Style Name | Modern |
| Voltage | 5 volts_of_direct_current |
| Wattage | 3.8 watts |
Pros
- Horizontal head design for wider illumination
- 19 LED lamp beads for stable lighting
- Three color temperature modes
- Stepless brightness adjustment
Cons
- Charging cable is a standard USB, not USB-C.
Ideal for readers seeking broad, customizable light without disturbing others. Ensure you have a compatible USB port for charging this modern-style, black book light.
2. Gritin 9 LED Rechargeable Book Light for Reading in Bed

Best for: Compact eye-care reading light.
The Gritin 9 LED book light offers stepless dimming from 100% to 10% and three color modes, adapting to any reading environment. Its eye-protecting design ensures no flicker, shadows, or dizzying light for comfortable extended use.
This compact light (3.93"D x 2.36"W x 1.77"H) weighs only 63g and operates at 1.8 watt-hours and 5 volts. The natural, soft light prevents eye strain, making it perfect for late-night reading without disturbing partners. The clip-on installation type ensures easy attachment.
Product Details
| Brand | Gritin |
|---|---|
| Base Material | Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene |
| Bulb Shape Size | B11 |
| Color | Black |
| Included Components | 1*Book Light, 1*User Manual,1*Charging Cable |
| Installation Type | Clip-on |
| Dimensions | 3.93"D x 2.36"W x 1.77"H |
Additional Product Information
| Item Weight | 63 g |
|---|---|
| Manufacturer | Gritin |
| Manufacturer Warranty Description | 1 year. |
| Model Number | G1330 |
| Recommended Uses | Reading |
| Shade Color | Black |
| Shade Material | Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene |
| Style Name | Modern |
| Voltage | 5 volts |
| Wattage | 1.8 watt-hours |
Pros
- Stepless dimming from 10% to 100%
- Three color temperature modes
- Eye-protecting, flicker-free light
- Compact and lightweight design
Cons
- Only 9 LED beads may offer less coverage than wider designs.
Perfect for solo readers prioritizing eye comfort and portability. Its small size and gentle illumination are ideal for bed or travel, but may not suit those needing extensive light coverage.
3. Glocusent Reading Light,Bendable Neck Light,80-hr Rechargeable Book Light

Best for: Flexible neck reading light.
This Glocusent reading light features a bendable neck and three color modes (3000K yellow, 4000K warm white, 6000K cool white), each with three brightness levels. The USB Type-C rechargeable design offers up to 80 hours of use.
With independent switches for each head, you can precisely control lighting for activities like crocheting, knitting, or camping. The 1.7-watt, 5-volt device is made from ABS and weighs 137g. It includes a bookmark and user manual for added convenience.
Product Details
| Brand | Glocusent |
|---|---|
| Base Material | Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene |
| Bulb Shape Size | B10 |
| Color | Gray |
| Included Components | 1*Neck Reading Light, 1* Book Mark ,1*User Manual,1*Charging Cable |
| Installation Type | Neck Light |
| Dimensions | 7.5"D x 1.3"W x 5.4"H |
Additional Product Information
| Item Weight | 137 g |
|---|---|
| Manufacturer | Glocusent |
| Manufacturer Warranty Description | All glocusent products come with a 24-month free warranty. If you have any questions, don’t hesitate to reach out—we’re here to help. |
| Material | Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene |
| Model Number | GLCSNTBL001 |
| Recommended Uses | Camping, Corner, Craft, Exploring, Fishing, Gaming, Hiking, Knitting, Power Outage, Reading, Repairing |
| Shade Color | Grey |
| Shade Material | Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene |
| Style Name | Reading Light |
| Voltage | 5 volts |
| Wattage | 1.7 watts |
| Additional Information | Important Information Color Temperature 6000 Kelvin Wattage 1 watts Bulb Voltage 5 volts |
Pros
- Bendable neck for precise positioning
- 3 color temperatures and 6 brightness levels
- Up to 80-hour battery life
- USB Type-C rechargeable
Cons
- Heavier than some clip-on models at 137g.
Ideal for crafters and readers needing adjustable, hands-free light. Its versatility suits various activities, but consider its weight if extreme portability is a priority.
4. 86lux Book Light, Rechargeable Clip-On LED Reading Light for Bed

Best for: Customizable clip-on reading light.
The 86lux book light offers seamless brightness control with a memory function, remembering your last setting. Its frosted lens reduces glare by 70%, providing eye-friendly illumination in three color temperatures for a personalized reading experience.
Choose from preset brightness levels or smooth adjustment from 10% to 100%. The 2.5-watt, 5-volt light uses a plastic and stainless steel construction. Its compact dimensions (2.2"D x 0.63"W x 4.72"H) make it suitable for various environments, including travel.
Product Details
| Brand | 86lux |
|---|---|
| Base Material | Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene |
| Bulb Shape Size | G40 |
| Color | Gray |
| Included Components | Battery |
| Installation Type | Freestanding |
| Dimensions | 2.2"D x 0.63"W x 4.72"H |
Additional Product Information
| Manufacturer | dixuan |
|---|---|
| Manufacturer Warranty Description | 2-year care coverage. |
| Material | Plastic, Stainless Steel |
| Model Number | OK08 |
| Recommended Uses | Read in different environments such as in bed, travelling or in areas with limited lighting |
| Shade Color | Grey |
| Shade Material | Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene |
| Style Name | Eclectic |
| Voltage | 5 volts |
| Wattage | 2.5 watts |
| Additional Information | Important Information Color Temperature 2700 Kelvin Wattage 2 watts Bulb Voltage 5 volts |
Pros
- Memory function for brightness settings
- Glare reduction by 70%
- Three color temperature options
- Smooth brightness adjustment
Cons
- Requires batteries, which are included but not rechargeable.
Best for readers who value precise light control and eye comfort. Its memory function and glare reduction make it suitable for extended use, though battery dependence is a consideration.
5. Glocusent 26 LED Reading Lights for Books in Bed, Ideal Gifts for Reader

Best for: Extra-wide illumination book light.
This Glocusent book light boasts 26 LEDs in a dual-row layout, delivering up to 100LM brightness for 125% more illumination than typical lights. Its widened 4.3-inch horizontal lamp head eliminates shadows for even, eye-comfort lighting.
The 5-volt device provides wide-angle, shadow-free light, perfect for immersing yourself in reading. It comes with a USB-C cord and a bookmark. The plastic construction ensures durability, and its dimensions (1.4"D x 4.8"W x 11.8"H) are suitable for bedside tables.
Product Details
| Brand | Glocusent |
|---|---|
| Base Material | Plastic |
| Bulb Shape Size | A19 |
| Color | Black |
| Included Components | Book Reading Light x1, USB-C Cord x1, User Manual x1,Bookmark x1 |
| Installation Type | clip on reading light |
| Dimensions | 1.4"D x 4.8"W x 11.8"H |
Additional Product Information
| Item Weight | 78 g |
|---|---|
| Manufacturer | Glocusent |
| Manufacturer Warranty Description | 24-month warranty. |
| Material | Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene |
| Model Number | A39 |
| Recommended Uses | Camping, Power Outage, Reading |
| Shade Color | Black |
| Shade Material | Plastic |
| Style Name | Modern |
| Voltage | 5 volts_of_direct_current |
Pros
- Wider 4.3-inch lamp head
- 125% brighter than typical lights
- 26 LEDs for shadow-free illumination
- Even, eye-comfort lighting
Cons
- No specific color temperature options mentioned.
Ideal for avid readers who need maximum, even illumination across the page. Its superior brightness and shadow elimination are great for bedside use, but lacks adjustable color temperatures.
6. VAVOFO Rechargeable Reading Light, 7 LEDs with 9 Color Temperature 9 Brightness Levels Clip On Book Light for Reading in Bed with Power Indicator for Bookworms (Black)

Best for: Multi-color temperature book light.
The VAVOFO reading light features 7 upgraded SMD LEDs and offers nine distinct color temperature modes, ranging from warm white (2800K) to cool white (7000K). It also provides nine brightness levels for tailored illumination.
With a lifespan exceeding 50,000 hours, these LEDs offer uniform luminance. The 1-watt, 3.7-volt light is powered via USB cable. Its compact dimensions (1.97"D x 1.97"W x 3.94"H) and lightweight design make it suitable for reading in bed or during travel.
Product Details
| Brand | VAVOFO |
|---|---|
| Base Material | Plastic |
| Bulb Shape Size | T5 1/2 |
| Color | Black |
| Included Components | 1xReading Lights Clip On Book Rechargeable Book Light (US Plug IS NOT INCLUDED) 1xUSB Cable 1xInstruction Manual |
| Installation Type | Tabletop |
| Dimensions | 1.97"D x 1.97"W x 3.94"H |
Additional Product Information
| Item Weight | 2.56 ounces |
|---|---|
| Manufacturer | VAVOFO |
| Material | Plastic |
| Model Number | KM-6720 |
| Recommended Uses | Camping, Reading |
| Shade Color | Black,Blue,White |
| Shade Material | Plastic |
| Style Name | Classic |
| Voltage | 3.7 volts |
| Wattage | 1 watts |
Pros
- Nine color temperature modes
- Nine brightness levels
- 7 upgraded SMD LEDs
- Long LED lifespan (>50,000 hours)
Cons
- Does not include a US plug adapter.
Suitable for readers who appreciate extensive control over light color and intensity. Its versatility is great for various preferences, but note the absence of a US plug.
7. Energizer Flex-R LED Rechargeable Book Lights for Reading at Night, Reading Light with Warm LED Color, Long-Lasting and Lightweight Reading Lamp

Best for: Eye-friendly warm white light.
This Energizer clip-on book light features eye-friendly warm white LED technology designed to minimize sleep disruption. It easily attaches to surfaces up to 0.5 inches thick, providing hands-free illumination for reading at night.
The light delivers up to 4 meters of even, flicker-free illumination, ensuring clear visibility of text. Its lightweight plastic construction and minimalist style make it unobtrusive. This rechargeable light is recommended for reading, offering a comfortable visual experience.
Product Details
| Brand | Energizer |
|---|---|
| Base Material | Plastic |
| Color | Multicolor |
| Included Components | Light – 1 Count |
| Installation Type | Tabletop |
| Dimensions | 1.1"D x 2.64"W x 5.81"H |
| Item Weight | 0.06 kg |
Additional Product Information
| Manufacturer | Energizer |
|---|---|
| Manufacturer Warranty Description | Not applicable. |
| Material | Plastic |
| Model Number | E304171300 |
| Recommended Uses | Reading |
| Shade Color | Black |
| Shade Material | Plastic |
| Style Name | Minimalist |
Pros
- Eye-friendly warm white LED
- Minimizes sleep disruption
- Even, flicker-free light
- Clips onto surfaces up to 0.5 inches thick
Cons
- Only offers a single warm white color temperature.
Ideal for nighttime readers who prioritize gentle, sleep-friendly light. Its simplicity and focus on warm tones make it perfect for bed, but it lacks color temperature customization.
8. Vekkia Amber Rechargeable 7 Led Eye Care Book Light

Best for: Blue-light-free amber reading light.
Vekkia's amber book light emits a warm hue, 99.95% free of blue spectrum light, to promote melatonin production for better sleep. It features three adjustable brightness levels and a 360° gooseneck for targeted illumination.
This 1.4-watt, 5-volt light uses a frosted shade to minimize direct glare, making it comfortable for reading at night without disturbing a partner. Its clamp mount design ensures secure attachment. The 2.08-ounce weight makes it portable for various reading spots.
Product Details
| Brand | Vekkia |
|---|---|
| Base Material | Plastic |
| Bulb Shape Size | B10 |
| Color | Blacka1 |
| Included Components | Battery |
| Installation Type | Clamp Mount |
| Dimensions | 1.5"D x 2.56"W x 5.6"H |
Additional Product Information
| Item Weight | 2.08 ounces |
|---|---|
| Manufacturer | Vekkia |
| Material | Plastic |
| Model Number | SXTCAM-YS01 |
| Recommended Uses | Reading |
| Shade Color | Black |
| Shade Material | Plastic |
| Style Name | Modern |
| Voltage | 5 volts |
| Wattage | 1.4 watts |
Pros
- 99.95% blue-light-free amber hue
- Promotes melatonin production for sleep
- 360° adjustable gooseneck
- Frosted shade minimizes glare
Cons
- Only offers amber light color.
Perfect for readers concerned about blue light exposure before sleep. Its sleep-promoting amber light and adjustable brightness are ideal for late-night reading, but it lacks other color temperature options.
9. Mighty Bright The Original NuFlex Book Light, Battery-Powered, Warm Eye Care LEDs, Flexible, Durable, Dimmable, Clip-On Reading Light, Read in Bed, Use Batteries or Micro USB (Lavender)

Best for: Dual-power flexible book light.
The Mighty Bright NuFlex book light offers dual power options: 3 AAA batteries (included) for up to 16 hours of use or micro-USB for continuous power. Its soft-touch silicone neck bends and holds position for precise, hands-free lighting.
This durable light features warm eye-care LEDs and a strong, secure clip that attaches firmly to books, music stands, and more. The 2.25-watt device provides dimmable lighting, ensuring comfortable illumination for reading in bed or during travel.
Product Details
| Brand | Mighty Bright |
|---|---|
| Base Material | Silicone |
| Bulb Shape Size | T |
| Color | Lavender |
| Included Components | Battery |
| Installation Type | Clip On |
| Manufacturer | Mighty Bright |
Additional Product Information
| Material | Metal, Silicone, Vinyl |
|---|---|
| Model Number | 47818 |
| Recommended Uses | Camping |
| Shade Color | Lavender |
| Shade Material | Silicone |
| Style Name | Minimalist |
| Wattage | 2.25 watts |
Pros
- Dual power options (battery/USB)
- Flexible silicone neck
- Strong, secure clip-on design
- Warm eye-care LEDs
Cons
- Micro-USB cable is not included.
Ideal for readers needing flexible, reliable lighting with power choice. Its secure clip and adaptable neck are great for hands-free use, but remember to supply your own micro-USB cable.
10. Gritin 2026 Gen 2 Book Light for Reading- 32 Eye Caring Full Spectrum LED

Best for: Full-spectrum LED book light.
This Gritin Gen 2 book light features 32 full-spectrum LEDs arranged in two rows, offering two lighting modes for broad, even, flicker-free illumination. It's designed to provide a unique lighting experience without disturbing others.
The 4.33-inch wide lamp head ensures comprehensive coverage. This modern-style light is powered by battery. Its dimensions (12.36"D x 4.33"W x 1.18"H) and ABS material construction offer durability for reading enthusiasts.
Product Details
| Brand | Gritin |
|---|---|
| Color | Black |
| Included Components | Battery |
| Dimensions | 12.36"D x 4.33"W x 1.18"H |
| Item Weight | 85 g |
| Manufacturer | Gritin |
| Manufacturer Warranty Description | 1 year. |
Additional Product Information
| Material | Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene |
|---|---|
| Model Number | G1323 |
| Shade Color | Black |
| Shade Material | Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene |
| Style Name | Modern |
Pros
- 32 full-spectrum LEDs
- Two lighting modes (inner row or both rows)
- Broad, even, flicker-free light
- Wide 4.33-inch lamp head
Cons
- Relies solely on battery power, no USB charging option.
Excellent for readers seeking comprehensive, high-quality illumination. Its advanced LED array is great for immersive reading, but consider its battery-only operation for continuous use.
What Buyers Often Overlook
Beam size and page coverage
A wider horizontal head is the clearest advantage when you want both pages illuminated evenly. Gritin’s 19 LED model uses a horizontal head with 19 LEDs arranged in a straight line, while Glocusent’s 26 LED model uses a 4.3-inch horizontal head and a dual-row layout. Gritin’s 32 LED model also uses two rows, with an inner row that can operate alone or with the outer row.
These designs are better suited to readers who dislike moving a narrow beam across the page. Compact lights such as the Gritin 9 LED remain useful where portability matters more than maximum spread.
A flexible neck design changes the fit rather than simply widening the beam: Glocusent’s two independently switched heads can be positioned for reading, crocheting, knitting, camping, or repairs. Choose coverage based on page width and whether you need one focused spot or illumination across an open book.
The Key Product Trade-Off
Controls, attachment, and power fit
The most practical control layout is the one that matches how precisely you adjust light and where you use it. VAVOFO provides nine color-temperature modes from 2800K to 7000K and nine brightness modes, while 86lux offers preset or smooth brightness adjustment plus memory for the previous setting. Simpler models still cover common needs: Gritin’s lights provide three color modes, and Energizer focuses on warm white light.
Clip-on designs suit books, desks, and other thin surfaces; Energizer’s clip attaches to surfaces up to 0.5 inch thick, while Mighty Bright uses a strong, extra-wide clip and a flexible silicone neck. Rechargeable options include USB charging cables or USB-C, whereas Mighty Bright can use three AAA batteries or micro-USB.
Check the included cable, battery arrangement, and attachment method against your reading location before buying.
Best Led Book Light: Buyer's Guide
Fit, Dimensions, and Compatibility
Compare the listed dimensions with the intended counter, cabinet, appliance, storage, or installation space. Confirm model compatibility and connection requirements where they are supplied. A useful feature cannot compensate for a product that does not physically fit or work with the buyer’s existing setup.
Capacity, Output, and Operating Format
Match listed capacity, volume, output, and operating mode to the actual household or work routine. Larger figures can support heavier use, while a smaller format may be easier to place and maintain. Treat daily output, immediate storage, and container capacity as separate specifications when the listing distinguishes them.
Materials, Construction, and Care
Use the listed materials and care instructions to judge cleaning effort, storage conditions, and compatibility with the intended use. Dishwasher, freezer, food-contact, or weather-related claims are included only when supplied for that product. Check whether routine care fits the way the product will be used.
Included Components and Setup Needs
Review the included components before planning installation or first use. Hoses, adapters, lids, paddles, bowls, brushes, controls, and manuals vary by listing. Confirm power, water, assembly, or accessory requirements from the supplied product information rather than assuming that separately pictured parts are included.
Which Should You Choose?
Choose a wide, even beam if you read hardcover books or want to illuminate both pages: the Gritin 19 LED, Glocusent 26 LED, and Gritin 32 LED models are the strongest fits. Choose maximum adjustment if lighting conditions change; VAVOFO offers nine color temperatures and nine brightness modes, while 86lux adds brightness memory. For a warm nighttime setup, consider Energizer’s warm white LED or Vekkia’s amber light with three brightness levels.
Choose a flexible neck for crafts, repairs, or repositioning: Glocusent has independently switched heads, and Mighty Bright uses a bendable silicone neck with battery and micro-USB power. For a compact everyday clip-on, the Gritin 9 LED provides three colors and stepless dimming.
Quick Buying Checklist
- Confirm the complete dimensions against the available space.
- Verify model, accessory, connection, and appliance compatibility.
- Match capacity or output to the expected amount of use.
- Compare materials and care instructions with the maintenance routine.
- Check the included components before planning setup or first use.
- Confirm listed power, water, storage, or installation requirements where applicable.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the primary benefit of a rechargeable book light?
Rechargeable book lights offer convenience by eliminating the need for disposable batteries. You can easily recharge them via USB, ensuring they are ready for use anytime, anywhere.
How do I choose the right brightness level for my book light?
Select a brightness level that is comfortable for your eyes and illuminates the page without causing glare. Many lights offer adjustable settings, allowing you to customize the illumination. Consider your reading environment and personal preference when making your choice.
Are amber or warm LED lights better for eye strain?
Amber and warm LED lights are often preferred for reducing eye strain, especially during nighttime reading. They emit less blue light, which can disrupt sleep patterns and cause discomfort. These warmer tones create a more relaxing reading experience.
What is the advantage of a flexible neck on a book light?
A flexible neck allows you to precisely direct the light exactly where you need it on the page. This ensures optimal illumination without disturbing others nearby. It provides great versatility for different reading positions and book sizes.
How important is the clip design for a book light?
A sturdy clip is essential for securely attaching the book light to your book, e-reader, or even a headboard. This keeps the light stable and positioned correctly, freeing up your hands. Look for clips that are gentle on pages but offer a firm grip.
Final Words
Selecting the best LED book light depends on your reading habits. For extensive reading, models with more LEDs and adjustable brightness or color temperature offer superior customization. Consider a flexible neck and a secure clip for maximum comfort and convenience, ensuring an enjoyable reading experience in any setting.